Table 1. Baseline character of the study population

Characteristics Continual CC–only smokers CC and NNTP users Recent (<5 y) CC quitters Long–term (≥5 y) CC quitters without NNTP use Long–term (≥5 y) CC quitters with NNTP use Never smokers
Overall, n 692,479 101,751 147,093 506,358 3,901 2,735,975
Age, years old, mean (SD) 48.12 (12.03) 40.93 (8.63) 49.47 (12.73) 54.42 (12.27) 41.33 (9.06) 52.57 (14.66)
Age group, n (%)
20–39 years old 172,336 (24.89%) 46,672 (45.87%) 35,729 (24.29%) 60,500 (11.95%) 1,761 (45.14%) 570,033 (20.83%)
40–59 years old 390,874 (56.45%) 52,166 (51.27%) 76,405 (51.94%) 264,662 (52.27%) 1,961 (50.27%) 1,238,875 (45.28%)
≥60 years old 129,269 (18.67%) 2,913 (2.86%) 34,959 (23.77%) 181,196 (35.78%) 179 (4.59%) 927,067 (33.88%)
Sex, n (%)
Male 643,919 (92.99%) 96,749 (95.08%) 134,786 (91.63%) 484,720 (95.73%) 3,467 (88.87%) 603,415 (22.05%)
Female 48,560 (7.01%) 5,002 (4.92%) 12,307 (8.37%) 21,638 (4.27%) 434 (11.13%) 2,132,560 (77.95%)
Region of residence, n (%)
Rural 386,341 (55.79%) 50,873 (50.00%) 78,441 (53.33%) 262,901 (51.92%) 1,814 (46.50%) 1,473,766 (53.87%)
Urban 306,138 (44.21%) 50,878 (50.00%) 68,652 (46.67%) 243,457 (48.08%) 2,087 (53.50%) 1,262,209 (46.13%)
Household income, n (%)
Low income 252,210 (36.42%) 28,900 (28.40%) 47,121 (32.03%) 132,937 (26.25%) 1,085 (27.81%) 990,715 (36.21%)
Middle income 307,767 (44.44%) 46,579 (45.78%) 63,593 (43.23%) 208,302 (41.14%) 1,766 (45.27%) 1,058,208 (38.68%)
High income 132,502 (19.13%) 26,272 (25.82%) 36,379 (24.73%) 165,119 (32.61%) 1,050 (26.92%) 687,052 (25.11%)
BMI, mean (SD) 24.71 (4.24) 25.54 (3.64) 25.2 (3.36) 25.02 (4.69) 25.19 (3.61) 23.88 (3.77)
BMI, n (%)
<25 kg/m2 389,189 (56.20%) 47,396 (46.58%) 73,115 (49.71%) 262,777 (51.90%) 1,940 (49.73%) 1,806,624 (66.03%)
25–30 kg/m2 251,834 (36.37%) 43,286 (42.54%) 62,495 (42.49%) 214,310 (42.32%) 1,617 (41.45%) 781,720 (28.57%)
≥30 kg/m2 51,455 (7.43%) 11,069 (10.88%) 11,483 (7.81%) 29,271 (5.78%) 344 (8.82%) 147,590 (5.39%)
SBP, mean (SD) 124.41 (14.03) 123.56 (13.24) 125.16 (13.93) 126.05 (13.78) 122.22 (13.24) 121.88 (15.24)
DBP, mean (SD) 77.97 (10.08) 78.17 (10.06) 78.17 (10.02) 78.22 (9.74) 77.1 (10.26) 74.86 (9.96)
Fasting blood glucose, mean (SD) 105.1 (29.51) 102.38 (25.78) 105.08 (27.56) 105.25 (24.87) 100.62 (21.68) 99.33 (21.91)
Serum total cholesterol, mean (SD) 198.03 (43.13) 202.64 (40.2) 197.31 (42.46) 194.1 (41.31) 199.57 (38.25) 196.76 (40.29)
Alcohol consumption; drinks per week, n (%)
<1 263,400 (38.04%) 37,673 (37.02%) 62,706 (42.63%) 228,988 (45.22%) 1,604 (41.12%) 2,116,530 (77.36%)
1–3 342,126 (49.41%) 53,785 (52.86%) 69,855 (47.49%) 231,326 (45.68%) 1,922 (49.27%) 574,419 (21.00%)
≥4 86,952 (12.56%) 10,293 (10.12%) 14,532 (9.88%) 46,044 (9.09%) 375 (9.61%) 45,015 (1.65%)
Exercise, n (%)
Sufficient 200,376 (28.94%) 28,029 (27.55%) 49,578 (33.71%) 191,468 (37.81%) 1,215 (31.15%) 887,460 (32.44%)
Non-sufficient 492,101 (71.06%) 73,722 (72.45%) 97,514 (66.29%) 314,885 (62.19%) 2,686 (68.85%) 1,848,501 (67.56%)
Pack–years of smoking, median (IQR) 15.0 (7.5-24) 10.5 (6.5-18.75) 12.5 (5.0-23.0) 10.0 (5.0-20.0) 7.5 (4.2-15.0) 0.0 (0.0-0.0)
CCI, n (%)
0 448,678 (64.79%) 75,761 (74.46%) 87,330 (59.37%) 283,130 (55.91%) 2,849 (73.03%) 1,594,672 (58.29%)
1 162,023 (23.40%) 20,085 (19.74%) 37,103 (25.22%) 138,530 (27.36%) 785 (20.12%) 720,220 (26.32%)
≥2 81,778 (11.81%) 5,905 (5.80%) 22,660 (15.41%) 84,698 (16.73%) 267 (6.84%) 421,083 (15.39%)
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; CCI, Charlson Comorbidity Index; CC, combustible cigarette; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; IQR, interquartile range; NNTP, noncombustible nicotine or tobacco product; SBP, systolic blood pressure