Table 4. Difference between pre-pandemic and during pandemic by the ratio of ORs on tuberculosis, weighted % (95% CI), data was collected from the KNHANES

Variables		Overall (1998–2021)		Pre-pandemic era (1998–2019)		During pandemic era (2020–2021)		Ratio of ORs (95% CI), pre-pandemic (reference) versus during pandemic
		Weighted OR (95% CI)	P-value	Weighted OR (95% CI)	P-value	Weighted OR (95% CI)	P-value	Weighted OR (95% CI)	P-value
Age (years)	20-29 (ref)	1.00		1.00		1.00		1.00
	5-19	0.12 (0.07 to 0.20)	<0.001	0.12 (0.07 to 0.20)	<0.001	NA		NA
	30-39	1.97 (1.60 to 2.43)	<0.001	1.96 (1.59 to 2.42)	<0.001	1.90 (0.62 to 5.79)	0.261	0.967 (0.310 to 3.012)	0.954
	40-49	2.84 (2.32 to 3.48)	<0.001	2.76 (2.25 to 3.39)	<0.001	4.44 (1.59 to 12.36)	0.005	1.606 (0.565 to 4.567)	0.374
	50-59	4.61 (3.79 to 5.61)	<0.001	4.32 (3.54 to 5.27)	<0.001	10.37 (3.80 to 28.31)	<0.001	2.402 (0.863 to 6.687)	0.093
	60-69	5.32 (4.38 to 6.46)	<0.001	5.08 (4.16 to 6.19)	<0.001	10.42 (3.97 to 27.35)	<0.001	2.052 (0.766 to 5.498)	0.153
	≥70	6.10 (5.01 to 7.43)	<0.001	5.78 (4.73 to 7.05)	<0.001	12.65 (4.58 to 34.89)	<0.001	2.190 (0.779 to 6.160)	0.137
Sex	Female (ref)	1.00		1.00		1.00		1.00
	Male	1.53 (1.43 to 1.64)	<0.001	1.53 (1.42 to 1.65)	<0.001	1.51 (1.17 to 1.96)	0.002	0.987 (0.755 to 1.290)	0.924
Region of residence	Rural (ref)	1.00		1.00		1.00		1.00
	Urban	0.95 (0.87 to 1.03)	0.226	0.94 (0.86 to 1.03)	0.193	1.02 (0.80 to 1.30)	0.867	1.086 (0.837 to 1.410)	0.535
Education level	College or higher education (ref)	1.00		1.00		1.00		1.00
	Elementary school or lower education	1.40 (1.27 to 1.53)	<0.001	1.35 (1.23 to 1.49)	<0.001	2.05 (1.44 to 2.92)	<0.001	1.519 (1.053 to 2.192)	0.025
	Middle school	1.18 (1.06 to 1.32)	0.003	1.17 (1.04 to 1.31)	0.010	1.33 (0.93 to 1.90)	0.116	1.141 (0.783 to 1.662)	0.492
	High school	1.04 (0.95 to 1.14)	0.348	1.01 (0.92 to 1.11)	0.791	1.35 (1.00 to 1.83)	0.051	1.334 (0.971 to 1.832)	0.075
Household income	Highest quartile (ref)	1.00		1.00		1.00		1.00
	Lowest quartile	1.50 (1.35 to 1.66)	<0.001	1.51 (1.36 to 1.69)	<0.001	1.37 (1.01 to 1.87)	0.045	0.906 (0.653 to 1.257)	0.554
	Second quartile	1.16 (1.05 to 1.29)	0.005	1.17 (1.05 to 1.31)	0.005	1.10 (0.82 to 1.47)	0.546	0.936 (0.683 to 1.282)	0.680
	Third quartile	1.02 (0.92 to 1.14)	0.683	1.04 (0.93 to 1.16)	0.521	0.91 (0.65 to 1.28)	0.599	0.881 (0.619 to 1.254)	0.482

Abbreviations: KNHANES, Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio;
The numbers in bold indicate a significant difference (p<0.05).