| Variables | Kidney failure(n=4,844) | Non-kidney failure(n=416,077) |
| Age, years, mean (SD) | 60.1 (14.0) | 50.2 (14.6) |
| Sex, n (%) | | |
| Male | 2,274 (46.9) | 217,345 (52.2) |
| Female | 2,570 (53.1) | 198,732 (47.8) |
| Region of residence, n (%) | | |
| Urban | 2,199 (45.4) | 193,507 (46.5) |
| Rural | 2,645 (54.6) | 222,570 (53.5) |
| Household income, n (%) | | |
| 0 | 36 (0.7) | 1,056 (0.3) |
| 1 | 441 (9.1) | 35,170 (8.5) |
| 2 | 785 (16.2) | 47,261 (11.4) |
| 3 | 363 (7.5) | 33,508 (8.1) |
| 4 | 329 (6.8) | 37,808 (9.1) |
| 5 | 392 (8.1) | 41,702 (10.0) |
| 6 | 425 (8.8) | 41,915 (10.1) |
| 7 | 414 (8.6) | 43,344 (10.4) |
| 8 | 435 (9.0) | 42,895 (10.3) |
| 9 | 550 (11.4) | 44,188 (10.6) |
| 10 | 674 (13.9) | 47,230 (11.4) |
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg, mean (SD) | 131.1 (19.8) | 123.4 (16.9) |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg, mean (SD) | 80.9 (12.5) | 77.2 (11.1) |
| Fasting blood glucose, mg/dL, mean (SD) | 107.2 (44.7) | 95.1 (28.0) |
| Serum total cholesterol, mg/dL, mean (SD) | 200.6 (42.8) | 192.8 (37.7) |
| Hemoglobin, g/dL, mean (SD) | 13.5 (1.7) | 13.9 (1.6) |
| Aspartate transaminase, U/L, mean (SD) | 27 (18.4) | 25.5 (16.9) |
| Alanine transaminase, U/L, mean (SD) | 26.2 (23.2) | 25.1 (22.3) |
| γ-Glutamyl transpeptidase, U/L, mean (SD) | 38.4 (53.6) | 34.5 (48.3) |
| Body mass index, kg/m2, mean (SD) | 24.4 (3.4) | 23.5 (3.2) |
| History of chronic kidney disease related diagnosis, n (%) | 333 (6.9) | 4,795 (1.2) |
| History of diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 656 (13.5) | 13,524 (3.3) |
| History of stroke, n (%) | 50 (1.0) | 2,243 (0.5) |
| History of hypertension, n (%) | 1,146 (23.7) | 28,086 (6.8) |
| Smoking, n (%) | | |
| Never smoker | 3,700 (76.4) | 293,398 (70.5) |
| Ex-smoker | 250 (5.2) | 15,800 (3.8) |
| Current smoker | 894 (18.5) | 106,879 (25.7) |
| Alcoholic drinks per week, n (%) | | |
| <1 | 3,883 (80.2) | 297,454 (71.5) |
| 1-2 | 567 (11.7) | 79,161 (19.0) |
| 3-4 | 226 (4.7) | 26,605 (6.4) |
| ≥5 | 168 (3.5) | 12,857 (3.1) |
| Physical activity sessions per week, n (%) | | |
| 0 | 3,055 (63.1) | 242,712 (58.3) |
| 1-2 | 926 (19.1) | 103,566 (24.9) |
| 3-4 | 382 (7.9) | 38,016 (9.1) |
| 5-6 | 115 (2.4) | 9,941 (2.4) |
| 7 | 366 (7.6) | 21,842 (5.3) |